Adverse health effects of smoking are well-known, including higher death rates compared to non-smokers, but there are economic effects, too. A study in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research used information gathered in Finland to show current smokers may earn less compared with non-smokers. Authors say smoking in early adulthood is closely linked to long-time earnings, especially among those with lower education. Conversely, the study suggests young adults who reduce smoking by roughly a half-pack a day could increase their earnings by nearly ten percent. The authors say the findings highlight the need to address smoking’s hidden economic costs, as well as promoting healthier behaviors.